Root scaling and planing (often called deep cleaning) is a non-surgical procedure used to remove plaque and tartar under the gumline and to promote good gum health. It is the first step in the treatment of gum disease and advanced periodontal disease.

Procedure: Scaling involves the use of the vibrating tip of an ultrasonic scaler to remove large plaque deposits and tartar. A water jet may be used to remove remaining debris. Hand scalers may be used to scrape tartar from pockets between teeth and below the gum line. Planing involves smoothing or polishing the tooth surface to prevent bacteria from adhering to the tooth and to promote the reattachment of the gums to the tooth. Root scaling and planing may require 4 visits in order to treat each of the quadrants in the mouth.